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Practice makes perfect complete french grammar
Introduction
Practice Makes Perfect: Complete French Grammar is designed as a review and
study tool for the advanced beginner and intermediate student of French. The
grammar explanations given in each unit include comparisons that provide ample
practice of the material along with appropriate, useful vocabulary. Instructions
for each exercise are given in French, enabling the student to anticipate the task
that follows while, at the same time, practicing vocabulary in context. The variety
of exercises makes them suitable for a range of different learning styles; openended exercises are included to encourage creative answers and to increase confidence in using French for normal everyday communication.
Each unit can be studied independently to suit individual needs in a specific
area. For the student seeking additional practice at the high school or college level,
these units, taken individually or as a whole, provide an opportunity to learn and
review French grammar using contemporary language and examples.
New vocabulary is incorporated within the exercises or is highlighted in
boxes. The glossaries include words appropriate to this level and make it easy to
quickly review or learn new vocabulary. Finally, the verb charts serve as a quick
grammar reference.
Learning another language requires dedication, time, and ultimately, frequent practice. By using what the students already know, by making connections
with their first language, and by building on that base, the foundation for their
future learning is strengthened. By including a number of cognates of English
words in the vocabulary, both advanced beginners and intermediate students are
given numerous opportunities to reinforce what they already know as they continue to advance their knowledge of French.
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Copyright © 2008 by Annie Heminway. Click here for terms of use.
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PRACTICE
MAKES
PERFEC T
Complete
French
Grammar
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The present tense of
regular -er verbs
·1·
Before studying the present tense in French, you need to be familiar with the
grammatical terms in chapters presenting verbs. To conjugate a verb in the present tense, you’ll need to find the root (or stem) of a verb to which you’ll add the
ending corresponding to the desired tense. The root of the verb is found in its
infinitive form. In English, the infinitive is preceded by the preposition to: to say,
to wear. Infinitives in French are not preceded by an equivalent of the preposition
to. They are identified according to groups by their endings: -er, -ir, -re, -oir.
Regular -er verbs in the present
Let’s start with the infinitives of verbs of the first group, ending in -er, such as
regarder (to look at) and chanter (to sing). Most verbs that end in -er in the infinitive follow the same conjugation. The pattern is easy. You remove the -er ending
of the verb to get the root: parler (to speak) Ǟ parl-. Then, you add the endings
corresponding to the subject pronoun.
The endings for the -er regular verbs are: -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent. The -e,
-es, and -ent endings of the verbs are all silent. The final -s of nous, vous, ils, elles
links with verbs beginning with a vowel sound, making a z sound. This is called a
liaison.
Let’s conjugate the verb parler (to speak). Note that, as in English, conjugated
forms are preceded by a subject pronoun:
je parle
tu parles
il parle
elle parle
on parle
I speak
you speak
he speaks
she speaks
one/they/we speak
nous parlons
vous parlez
ils parlent
elles parlent
we speak
you speak
they (m., m./f.) speak
they (f.) speak
Here are some questions using parler:
Parlez-vous italien?
Combien de langues parles-tu?
Do you speak Italian?
How many languages do you speak?
Chanter (to sing) follows the same pattern:
je chante
tu chantes
il chante
elle chante
on chante
I sing
you sing
he sings
she sings
one/they/we sing
nous chantons
vous chantez
ils chantent
elles chantent
we sing
you sing
they (m., m./f.) sing
they (f.) sing
1
Copyright © 2008 by Annie Heminway. Click here for terms of use.
To recapitulate, here are the subject pronouns with their English equivalents:
je
tu
il
elle
on
nous
vous
ils
elles
I
you (singular familiar)
he, it (masculine)
she, it (feminine)
one, we, they
we
you (singular formal and all plurals)
they (masculine or mixed masculine and feminine)
they (feminine)
There are two ways of saying you in French. Use tu to talk to friends, family members, children, and animals. Use vous when you are addressing a stranger, someone you don’t know well,
or to maintain a certain degree of distance or respect.
The pronoun on takes on different meanings. It may mean one, we, or they depending on
how it is used. See the examples below.
Ici, on parle japonais.
On ne devrait pas se comporter ainsi.
On va au cinéma ce soir? (familiar)
En Espagne, on mange des tapas.
On est tous d’accord. (familiar)
Japanese is spoken here.
One should not behave this way.
Shall we go to the movies tonight?
In Spain, they eat tapas.
We all agree.
Here are some common regular -er verbs:
accepter
aimer
annuler
apporter
attraper
augmenter
bavarder
casser
chercher
commander
couper
danser
déjeuner
demander
dessiner
donner
emprunter
enlever
étudier
exprimer
gagner
garder
habiter
laver
manger
mériter
oublier
porter
prêter
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practice makes perfect Complete French Grammar
to accept
to like, to love
to cancel
to bring
to catch
to increase
to chat
to break
to look for
to order
to cut
to dance
to have lunch
to ask
to draw
to give
to borrow
to remove
to study
to express
to win, to earn
to keep
to live
to wash
to eat
to deserve
to forget
to carry
to lend
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