Azar 3e und g and using engr chb

Form: be + -ing (presentparticiplQ Meaning: The progressive,tenses*give the idea that an action is in progress during a particular time. The tenses say that an action beginsbefore,is in progressdiring, and.contiiuei after another time action. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE O (a) Tom is sleeping right now. It is now I l:00. Tom went to sleep at 10:00 tonight, and he is still asleep. His sleep began in the past, r rn progress at the present time, and probably will continue. (b) ToT usas sleeping when I arrrveo, Tom went to sleep at 10:00 last night. I arrived at l1:00. He was still asleep. His sleep began before and was in progressat a particular time in the past. It continued after I arrived. (c) frT zoill be sleeping when we arrlve. Tom will go to sleep at 10:00 tomorrow night. We will arrive at I l:00. The action of sleeping will begin before we arrive, and it will be in progress at a partirular time in the future. Probably his sleep will contrnue. i PAST PROGRESSI\,''E *The progressive tenses ate also called the "continuous" tenses: present continuous, past continuous, and future continuous. Tomis washingthe dishesrightnow. 2 csnpren r Fr-rrrr: haoe + pasrparticiple -\leaning: The perfect tenses all give the idea that one thing happensbeforeanotber time or event. ?F.ESENT PERFECT (a) Tom has akeady eaten. Tom finished eating sometime before nout. The exact time is not imoortant. P.I.ST PERFECT (b) Tom had abeady eaten whenhis friend arrived. First Tom finished eating. Later his friend arrived. Tom''s eating was completely lzished beforeanother time in the oast. (c) Tom uill abeady haae eaten when his friend arrives. First Tom will finish eating. Later his friend will arrive. Tom''s eating will be completely lzished beforeanother time in the future. ,''TURE PERFECT Ftr IlfLi hazte + been * -ing (presentparticiple) \leaning: The perfect progressivetenses give the idea that one event is in progressimmediatelybefore,up to, until anothertime or eztent.Tlte tenses are used to express the duration of the first event. (a) Tom has been studying hours. for two Event in progress: studying. $7hen? Before now, up to now. How long? For two hours. (b) Tom had been studying for two hours before his friend came. Event in progress: studying. !?hen? Before another eztentin the past. How long? For two hours. (c) Tom u:ill hazse been studying for two hours by the time his friend arrives. Event in progress: studying. \07hen? Before another eaent in the future. How long? For two hours. Overview of Verb Tenses 3 Tom rs studying right now. Tomshtdied last night. Tom aras shtdying Tom will ] 4 CHAPTER when they came. be st:ttdying when you come. PRESENT [-t-n ftas already studied Chapter One. PERFECT PROGRESSIVE Tom ftcs been studying for two hours. ''.{ST PERFECT PAST PERFECT b-i.r. had already sad.ied Chapter One before he reganstudying Chapter TWo. Torn h.ad been studying friends came. r, IL''RE FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE PERFECT Ir-:n rlrill already haoe shtdied .e .iudies Chaoter Five. Chapter Four before PROGRESSI''E for two hours before his Tom utill hatse been studying time his roommate qets home. for two hours by the Overview of Verb Tenses 5 (1) vnnnsruar END IN A CONSONANT AND -E (2) VERBSTHAT END INAVOWEL AND A CONSONANT (a) hope date injure ONE-SYLI-ABLE ''ERBS (b) stop rob b"g stopping robbing begging stopped robbed begged (c) rain fool drearn raining fooling drearning rained fooled drearned TWO-SYLLABLE (d) listen offer open CONSONANTS (4) r,''erusrnar END IN -Y (5) \€RBSTHAT END IN -IE *Exception: **Exception: 2vowels-lconsonant ''ERBS 1sl syllable stressed - ,1consonant preferring controlling (began) preferred controlled 2nd syllable stressed - 2 consonants (f) start fold demand starting folding demanding started folded demanded If the word ends in two consonants, lust add the ending. (g) enjoy pra b.ry enjoying praying buying enioyed Prayed (bought) If -y is preceded by a vowel, keep the -y. (h) study try reply studying trying replying studied tried replied If -y is preceded by a consonant: -rNG FoRr,l: keep the -y, add -ing. -ED FoR.lvl:change -y to -i, add -ed. (i) die lie dying lying died lied -rNG FoRNt: Change -ie to -y, add -ing. -ED FoRNt:Add -d. : END IN TITO ,l vowel, 2 consonants** listened offered opened (e) begin prefer control (3) wnns ruar -ING FoR ,t: If the word ends in -e, drop the -e and add -ing.* -ED FoR /t: If the word ends in a consonant and -e. iust add -d. hoped dated injured hoping dating injuring listening offering opening ,beginning If a verb ends in -ee, the final -e is not dropped: seeing,agreeing''freetng. -u.. and -x are not doubled: plow + plowed;fix - fixed. 5 cnRprep r ." (a) Water cor?srsls of hydrogen and oxygen. (b) The average person bl''eathes 21,600 times a day. (c) The world rs round. The simple present saysdrat something was true in the Past,is true in the present,and will be true in dte futule. it .*pressesgeaetolstaumenuoffact truths. dnd timeless (d) I srudy for two houts every night. (e) 1 gel up at se''ten eL)erymornmg. (f) He alzlals eats a sandwich for lunch. The simple presentis used to express habituaLor et:e4tdayadioities, (g) John rs sre€prlg right now. (h) I need an umbrella because it ,s taining. ( i ) The students ar"e .sittin€'' at tllell desks right now The present progressive explesses an activity that is m progess at the t rorrlent of speaking. It is a tempotary actMty *rat began in the pastr is continuing at present, and will probably end at some point in the futule. (k) John rs trying work habits. ( l ) Susan rs t''riting rhis year. to improve his another book Often the activily is of a general nature: something generally in progress this week, this month, this Yeal. Note (l): The sentence means drat writing a book is a genelal acti!''lty Susao is engaged in at plesent'' but it does not mean that at the moment of speaking she is sitting at her desk with pen in hand.